Conclusions: There was a high incidence of neurologic complications after liver transplants. Diffuse encephalopathy and seizure were common complications. Physicians should be aware of the high risk of neurologic complications after liver transplants. Factors such as immunosuppressive toxicity and metabolic imbalance that predispose patients to neurologic complications after liver transplants should be evaluated immediately, and treatment of postoperative neurologic complications should be initiated as early as possible.”
“OBJECTIVE: It has been shown that genetic factors have a role in the development of acromegaly.

We aimed to investigate the association between intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 E469K polymorphism and some cardiovascular clinical parameters of acromegalic patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We included 41 patients with acromegaly and 65 healthy subjects with similar Selleck AZD8931 age and sex this website to the study.

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG) were analyzed. Genotyping was made by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: The frequency of genotype and allel ICAM-1 E469K was not significantly different between control and patients (p bigger than 0.05). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) HM781-36B molecular weight and FPG levels were significantly higher, and HDL-C was significantly lower in patients with KK genotypes compared to patients with EE genotype in acromegaly group (p smaller than 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to investigate the role of ICAM gene polymorphism in acromegaly and its cardiovascular characteristics. ICAM E469K may not be a risk factor for the acromegaly in Turkish population but may be associated with hypertension,

higher FPG and lower HDL-C in acromegalic patients.”
“The mobilization of cytotoxic lymphocytes, such Natural Killer (NK) cells and CD8(+) T cells, during stress and exercise is well documented in humans. However, humans have another cytotoxic lymphocyte subset that has not been studied in this context: the Gamma Delta (gamma delta) T lymphocyte. These cells play key roles in immune processes including the elimination of bacterial infection, wound repair and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. The current study investigated the effects of stress, exercise, and beta-agonist infusion on the mobilization of gamma delta T lymphocytes. Three separate studies compared lymphocytosis in response to an acute speech stress task (n = 29), high (85%W(max)) and low (35%Wm(max)) intensity concentric exercise (n = 11), and isoproterenol infusion at 20 and 40 ng/kg/min (n = 12). Flow cytometric analysis was used to examine lymphocyte subsets.

Abnormal epigenetic re-programming appears to be a key component of the observed pathologies, as shown by studies on the expression of imprinted genes in SCNT placenta. (C) 2012 Published by IFPA and Elsevier Ltd.”
“A rational strategy has been used to immobilize open metal sites in ultramicroporosity for

stronger binding of multiple H-2 molecules per unsaturated metal site for H-2 storage applications. The synthesis and structure of a mixed zinc/copper metal-organic framework material Zn-3(BDC)(3)[CU(Pyen)] center dot(DMF)(5)(H2O)(5) (H2BDC = 1,4 benzenedicarboxylic acid and PyenH(2) = 5-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-pyridine-3-carbaldehyde) is reported. Desolvation provides a bimodal porous structure Zn-3(BDC)(3)[Cu(Pyen)] (M’MOF 1) with narrow porosity (<0.56 nm) and an array of pores in the bc crystallographic plane where the adsorbate-adsorbent interactions are maximized by both the presence

of open copper centers and BMS-777607 chemical structure overlap of the potential energy fields from pore walls. The H-2 and D-2 adsorption isotherms for M’MOF 1 at 77.3 and 87.3 K were reversible with virtually no hysteresis. Methods for determination of the isosteric enthalpies of H-2 and D-2 adsorption were compared. A virial click here model gave the best agreement (average deviation <1 standard deviation) with the isotherm data. This was used in conjunction with the van’t Hoff isochore giving isosteric enthalpies at zero surface coverage of 12.29 +/- 0.53 and 12.44 +/- 0.50 kJ mol(-1) for H-2 and D-2 adsorption, respectively. This is the highest value so far observed for hydrogen adsorption on a porous material. The enthalpy of adsorption, decreases with increasing BI 6727 solubility dmso amount adsorbed to 9.5 kJ mol(-1) at similar to 1.9 mmol g(-1) (2 H-2 or D-2 molecules per Cu corresponding to adsorption on both sides of planar Cu open centers) and is virtually unchanged in the range 1.9-3.6 mmol g(-1). Virial analysis of isotherms at 87.3 K is also consistent with

two H-2 or D-2 molecules being bound to each open Cu center. The adsorption kinetics follow a double exponential model, corresponding to diffusion along two types of pores, a slow component with high activation energy (13.35 +/- 0.59 kJ mol(-1)) for the narrow pores and a faster component with low activation energy (8.56 +/- 0.41 kJ mol(-1)). The D-2 adsorption kinetic constants for both components were significantly faster than the corresponding H-2 kinetics for specific pressure increments and had slightly lower activation energies than the corresponding values for H-2 adsorption. The kD(2)/kH(2) ratio for the slow component was 1.62 +/- 0.07, while the fast component was 1.38 +/- 0.04 at 77.3 K, and the corresponding ratios were smaller at 87.3 K. These observations of kinetic isotope quantum molecular sieving in porous materials are due to the larger zero-point energy for the lighter H-2, resulting in slower adsorption kinetics compared with the heavier D-2.

In addition, vanadyl complexes induced

protein-protein interaction between PPAR gamma and a vanadium-binding chaperone, heat shock protein 60 kDa. Overall, our results suggest that vanadyl complexes may upregulate PPAR gamma by suppressing PPAR gamma degradation, and thus stimulate adiponectin expression and multimerization. buy Cl-amidine The present work has provided new insights into the mechanism of the antidiabetic actions of vanadium compounds.”
“The prognosis of patients with many types of cancers correlates with the degree of metastasis to regional lymph nodes (LNs) and vital organs. However, the mechanisms and route of cancer cell metastasis are still unclear. Previous studies determined that B-cell accumulation in tumor-draining LNs (TDLNs) induces lymphatic sinus growth (lymphangiogenesis) and increases lymph flow, which could actively promote tumor dissemination through the lymphatic system. Using young E mu-c-Myc mice that feature LN B-cell expansion as hosts for tumor transplants, we show that subcutaneously

implanted lymphomas or melanomas preferentially spread to TDLNs over non-TDLNs, thus demonstrating that these tumors initially metastasize through lymphatic rather than through hematogenous routes. In addition, the rate and amount of tumor dissemination is greater in E mu-c-Myc mice versus wild-type hosts, which correlates with LN B-cell accumulation and lymphangiogenesis in E mu-c-Myc hosts. The increased lymphatic dissemination in E mu-c-Myc hosts is further associated with rapid hematogenous tumor spread of subcutaneously

PD173074 datasheet implanted lymphomas, suggesting that TDLN metastasis secondarily drives lymphoma spread to distant organs. In contrast, after intravenous tumor cell injection, spleen metastasis of lymphoma cells or lung metastasis of melanoma cells is similar in E mu-c-Myc and wild-type hosts. These studies demonstrate that the effect of E mu-c-Myc hosts to promote metastasis is limited to the lymphatic route of dissemination. TDLN B-cell accumulation, in association with lymphangiogenesis and increased lymph flow, thus significantly contributes to dissemination of lymphomas and solid tumors, providing new targets for therapeutic intervention to block metastasis.”
“Adult brains undergo large-scale plastic changes after peripheral and central this website injuries. Although it has been shown that both the cortical and thalamic representations can reorganize, uncertainties exist regarding the extent, nature, and time course of changes at each level. We have determined how cortical representations in the somatosensory area 3b and the ventroposterior ( VP) nucleus of thalamus are affected by long standing unilateral dorsal column lesions at cervical levels in macaque monkeys. In monkeys with recovery periods of 22-23 months, the intact face inputs expanded into the deafferented hand region of area 3b after complete or partial lesions of the dorsal columns.

In the present study, our data show that Zac1 is able to interact directly with the Sp1-responsive element in the p21(WAF1/Cip1) gene promoter and enhance the transactivation activity of Sp1 through direct physical interaction. Our data further demonstrate that Zac1 might enhance Sp1-specific promoter activity by interacting with the Sp1-responsive element, affecting the transactivation activity of Sp1 via a protein-protein interaction, or competing the HDAC1 protein away from the preexisting Sp1/HDAC1 complex. Finally, the synergistic regulation of p21(WAF1/Cip1) gene expression by Zac1 and Sp1 is mediated

by endogenous p53 protein and p53-responsive elements in HeLa cells. Our work suggests that Zac1 might serve as an Sp1-like protein that directly interacts with the Sp1-responsive element to oligomerize with and/or to coactivate MK-8776 nmr LCL161 chemical structure Sp1. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Objective: This study aims to investigate the impact of digital image compression on manual and semiautomatic quantification of angiogenesis in ovarian epithelial neoplasms (including

benign, borderline, and malignant specimens).\n\nDesign: We examined 405 digital images (obtained from a previously validated computer-assisted analysis system), which were equally divided into 5 groups: images captured in Tagged Image File Format (TIFF), low and high compression Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) formats, and low and high compression JPEG images converted from the TIFF files.\n\nMeasurements: Microvessel density

counts and CD34(+) endothelial areas manually and semiautomatically determined from TIFF images were compared with those from the other 4 groups.\n\nResults: Mostly, the correlations between TIFF and JPEG images were very high (intraclass correlation coefficients > 0.8), especially A-1210477 for low compression JPEG images obtained by capture, regardless of the variable considered. The only exception consisted in the use of high compression JPEG files for semiautomatic microvessel density counts, which resulted in intraclass correlation coefficients of < 0.7. Nonetheless, even then, interconversion between TIFF and JPEG values could be successfully achieved using prediction models established by linear regression.\n\nConclusion: Image compression does not seem to significantly compromise the accuracy of angiogenesis quantitation in the ovarian epithelial tumors, although low compression JPEG images should always be preferred over high compression ones.”
“Risk prediction models for hepatocellular carcinoma are available for individuals with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections who are at high risk but not for the general population with average or unknown risk. We developed five simple risk prediction models based on clinically available data from the general population.

Quantitation was done using multiple reaction monitoring in the positive ionization mode. The linearity of the method was established in the concentration range 0.05-80 ng/mL. The mean extraction recovery was greater than 96% across QC levels, while intra- and inter batch accuracy and precision (% CV) values ranged from 97.4 to 101.9% and from 1.20 to 3.72% respectively. The relative matrix effect in eight different lots

of plasma samples, expressed as % CV for the calculated slopes of calibration curves was 1.08%. The stability of aripiprazole was studied under different storage conditions. The validated method was used to support a bioequivalence study of 10 mg aripiprazole formulation in 36 healthy Indian subjects. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Background: Although echocardiography is used as a first line imaging modality, its accuracy to detect acute and chronic

PF-04554878 myocardial infarction (MI) in relation to infarct characteristics as assessed with late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR) is not well described.\n\nMethods: One-hundred-forty-one echocardiograms performed in 88 first acute ST-elevation MI (STEMI) patients, 2 (IQR1-4) days (n = 61) and 102 (IQR92-112) days post-MI (n = 80), were pooled with echocardiograms of 36 healthy controls. 61 acute and 80 chronic echocardiograms were available for analysis (53 patients had both acute and chronic echocardiograms). Two experienced echocardiographers, blinded to clinical and CMR data, randomly evaluated all 177 echocardiograms for segmental wall motion abnormalities this website (SWMA). This was compared with LGE-CMR determined infarct characteristics, performed 104 +/- 11 days post-MI. Enhancement on LGE-CMR matched the infarct-related artery territory in all patients (LAD 31%, LCx 12% and RCA 57%).\n\nResults: The sensitivity of echocardiography to detect acute MI was 78.7% and 61.3% for chronic MI; specificity was 80.6%. Undetected MI were smaller, less transmural, and less

extensive (6% [IQR3-12] vs. 15% [IQR9-24], 50 +/- 14% vs. 61 +/- 15%, 7 +/- 3 vs. 9 +/- 3 segments, p < 0.001 for all) and associated selleck chemicals with higher left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and non-anterior location as compared to detected MI (58 +/- 5% vs. 46 +/- 7%, p < 0.001 and 82% vs. 63%, p = 0.03). After multivariate analysis, LVEF and infarct size were the strongest independent predictors of detecting chronic MI (OR 0.78 [95% CI 0.68-0.88], p < 0.001 and OR 1.22 [95% CI0.99-1.51], p = 0.06, respectively). Increasing infarct transmurality was associated with increasing SWMA (p < 0.001).\n\nConclusions: In patients presenting with STEMI, and thus a high likelihood of SWMA, the sensitivity of echocardiography to detect SWMA was higher in the acute than the chronic phase.

The results were compared using Student’s t-test and level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: In the great toe, the mean maximum force increased from 72.2 N preoperatively to 106.8 N 1 year after surgery. The mean contact area increased from 7.6 cm(2) preoperatively to 8.9 cm(2) 1 year

after surgery and the mean force-time integral increased from 20.8 N*sec to 30.5 N*sec. All changes were statistically significant (p < 0.05). For the first metatarsal head region, the mean maximum force increased from 122.5 N preoperatively to 144.7 N one year after surgery and the mean force-time integral increased from 42.3 N*sec preoperatively LCL161 in vitro to 52.6 N*sec 1 year postoperatively (p = 0.068 and p = 0.055, respectively). The mean AOFAS score increased from 61 points preoperatively to 94 points at final followup (p < 0.001). The average hallux valgus angle decreased from 31 degrees to 9 degrees and the average first intermetatarsal angle decreased from 14 degrees to 6 degrees (p < 0.001 for both). Conclusion: Our results suggest that postoperative physical therapy and gait training with a Chevron osteotomy may help to improve weightbearing

of the great toe and first ray. Therefore, we believe there is a restoration of more physiological gait patterns in patients who receive this postoperative regimen.”
“Key to understand predator choice is the relationship between predator and prey abundance. There are few studies related to prey selection and availability. Such an approach is still current, because the ability to predict aspects of the diet in response to changes in prey availability is one click here of the major problems P5091 manufacturer of trophic ecology. The general objective of this study was to evaluate prey selection by two species (Characidium cf. vidali and Pimelodella lateristriga) of the Mato Grosso stream. in Saquarema. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Benthos and fishes were collected in June, July and September of 2006 and January and February

of 2007. Fish were collected with electric fishing techniques and benthos with a surber net. Densities of benthic organisms were expressed as the number of individuals per/m(2). After sampling, the invertebrates were fixed in 90% ethanol, and, in the laboratory, were identified to the lowest taxonomical level. Approximately, seventy individuals from each species were selected randomly in each month. Fishes were fixed in 10% formalin in the field and transferred to 70 GL ethanol in the laboratory. Fishes had their stomachs removed for subsequent analysis. Fish diet was described according to the numeric frequency method. The Manly Electivity Index was applied in order to verify prey selection. The most abundant families in both benthos and diet of both fish species were the same, indicating that these species consume mainly most abundant prey in the environment. We concluded that prey selection occurs even for preys that had small abundance in the environment.

“
“Mass

production of sporangiospores (spores) of Rhizopus oryzae NBRC 5384 (identical to NRRL 395 and ATCC 9363) on potato-dextrose-agar medium was studied aiming at starting its L(+)-lactic acid fermentation directly from spore inoculation. Various parameters including harvest time, sowed spore density, size of agar plate, height of air space, and incubation mode of plate (agar-on-bottom or agar-on-top) were studied. Ordinarily used shallow Petri dishes were found out to be unsuitable for the full growth of R. oryzae sporangiophores. AZD2014 In a very wide range of the sowed spore density, the smaller it was, the greater the number of the harvested spores was. It was also interesting to find out that R. oryzae grown downward vertically with a deep air space in an agar-on-top mode gave larger amount of spores than in an agar-on-bottom mode at 30 degrees C for 7-day cultivation. Scale-up

of the agar plate culture from 26.4 to 292 cm(2) was studied, resulting in the proportional relationship between the number of the harvested spores/plate and the plate area in the deep Petri dishes. The number of plates of 50 cm in diameter needed for 100 m(3) industrial submerged fermentation started directly from 2 x 10(5) spores/mL inoculum size was estimated as about 6, from which it was inferred that such a fermentation would be feasible. Designing CB-839 datasheet a 50 cm plate and a method of spreading and collecting the spores were suggested. Bioprocess technological significance of the full-scale industrial submerged fermentation

started directly from spore inoculation omitting pre-culture has been discussed. (c) 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 29:876-881, 2013″
“In this paper we present a new fabrication method that combines for the first time popular SU-8 technology and PerMX compound inhibitor dry-photoresist lamination for the manufacturing of high aspect ratio three-dimensional multi-level microfluidic networks. The potential of this approach, which further benefits from wafer-level manufacturing and accurate alignment of fluidic levels, is demonstrated by a highly integrated three-level microfluidic chip. The hereby achieved network complexity, including 24 fluidic vias and 16 crossing points of three individual microchannels on less than 13 mm(2) chip area, is unique for SU-8 based fluidic networks. We further report on excellent process compatibility between SU-8 and PerMX dry-photoresist which results in high interlayer adhesion strength. The tight pressure sealing of a fluidic channel (0.5 MPa for 1 h) is demonstrated for 150 mu m narrow SU-8/PerMX bonding interfaces. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.

This copayment has generated abuses. Its introduction has always been seen as a co-financing action to the system or as a discouraging measure to avoid misuse. The truly solidarity action is a proper organization of a copayment system as a social measure together with efficiency measures and rational use of health resources by all participant actors in the system: managers, professionals and users. (C) 2012 Elsevier Espana, S.L. All rights reserved.”
“A new series of acid- and urea-functionalized HDAC-IN-2 polycarbonate block copolymers were synthesized via organocatalytic living ring-opening polymerization using methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a macroinitiator to form micelles

as drug delivery carriers. The micelles were characterized for critical Akt inhibitor micelle concentration, particle size and size distribution, kinetic stability and loading capacity for a model anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX) having an amine group. The acid/urea groups were placed in block forms (i.e. acid as the middle block or the end block) or randomly distributed in the polycarbonate block to investigate molecular structure effect. The micelles formed from the polymers in both random and block forms provided high drug loading

capacity due to strong ionic interaction between the acid in the polymer and the amine in DOX. However, the polymers with acid and urea groups placed in the block forms formed micelles with wider size distribution (two size populations), and their DOX-loaded micelles were less stable. The number of acid/urea groups in the random form was further varied from 5 to 8, 13 and 19 to study its effects on self-assembly

behaviors and DOX loading. An increased number of acid/urea groups yielded DOX-loaded micelles with smaller size and enhanced kinetic stability because of improved inter-molecular polycarbonate polycarbonate (urea urea and urea acid) hydrogen-bonding and polycarbonate DOX (acid amine) ionic interactions. However, when the number of acid/urea groups was 13 or higher, micelles aggregated in see more a serum-containing medium, and freeze-dried DOX-loaded micelles were unable to re-disperse in an aqueous solution. Among all the polymers synthesized in this study, 1b with 8 acid/urea groups in the random form had the optimum properties. In vitro release studies showed that DOX release from 1b micelles was sustained over 7 h without significant initial burst release. mu assays demonstrated that the polymer was not toxic towards HepG2 and HEK293 cells. Importantly. DOX-loaded micelles were potent against HepG2 cells with IC50 of 0.26 mg/L, comparable to that of free DOX (IC50: 0.20 mg/L). In addition, DOX-loaded 1b micelles yielded lower DOX content in the heart tissue of the tested mice as compared to free DOX formulation after iv. injection. These findings signify that lb micelles may be a promising carrier for delivery of anticancer drugs that contain amine groups. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

The mechanism of cell adhesion to keratin biomaterials, however, is poorly understood. Therefore, the goal of this work was to investigate the mechanisms by which human hair keratin-based biomaterials facilitate cellular adhesion. find protocol Hepatocytes were used as a model cell type due to the abundance of published data on cell adhesion mechanisms and their relatively copious attachment to keratin substrates. The roles of beta(1)- and beta(2)-integrins and the hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) in hepatocyte adhesion to keratin substrates

were studied using attachment assays with and without function blocking antibodies. Blocking of the hepatic integrin subunits did not decrease hepatocyte attachment to keratin. Furthermore, adhesion to keratin did not result in the formation of focal

complexes or focal adhesions, nor did it produce an upregulation of phosphorylated-focal adhesion kinase. However, inhibition of hepatic ASGPR decreased the ability of hepatocytes to attach to keratin substrates, which is indicative of the role of this glycoprotein receptor in hepatocyte binding to keratin biomaterials. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“In flies, the zinc-finger protein Teashirt promotes trunk segmental identities, in part, by repressing the expression and function of anterior hox paralog group (PG) 1-4 genes that specify head fates. Anterior-posterior patterning of the vertebrate hindbrain also requires Hox PG 1-4 function, but the role of vertebrate PD0325901 in vivo teashirt-related genes in this process has not been investigated. In this work, we use overexpression and structure-function

analyses to show that zebrafish Akt inhibitor tshz3b antagonizes Hox-dependent hindbrain segmentation. Ectopic Tshz3b perturbs the specification of rhombomere identities and leads to the caudal expansion of r1, the only rhombomere whose identity is specified independently of Hox function. This overexpression phenotype does not require the homeodomain and C-terminal zinc fingers that are unique to vertebrate Teashirt-related proteins, but does require that Tshz3b function as a repressor. Together, these results argue that the negative regulation of Hox PG 1-4 function is a conserved characteristic of Teashirt-related proteins. genesis 49: 725-742, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.”
“The administration of kainic acid (KA) causes seizures and produces neurodegeneration in hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells. The present study investigated a possible role of acupuncture in reducing hippocampal cell death and inflammatory events, using a mouse model of kainic acid-induced epilepsy. Male C57BL/6 mice received acupuncture treatments at acupoint HT8 or in the tail area bilaterally once a day for 2 days and again immediately after an intraperitoneal injection of KA (30 mg/kg). HT8 is located on the palmar surface of the forelimbs, between the fourth and fifth metacarpal bones.

5, the electrical double layer repulsion between two negatively charged surfaces gives low friction. From these results, it is concluded that although the PCDME gels behave like neutral gels in the bulk properties, their surface properties sensitively change with pH and ionic strength of the medium.”
“In addition to initial sex determination, genes on the sex chromosomes are theorized to play a particularly important role in phenotypic differences between males and females. Sex chromosomes in many species display molecular signatures consistent with these theoretical predictions, particularly selleck chemicals llc through sex-specific gene

expression. However, the phenotypic implications of this molecular signature are unresolved, and the role of the sex chromosomes in quantitative genetic studies of phenotypic sex differences is largely equivocal. In this article, we examine molecular and phenotypic data in the light of theoretical predictions about masculinization and feminization of the sex chromosomes. Additionally, we discuss the role of genetic and regulatory complexities in the genome-phenotype relationship, and ultimately how these affect the overall role of the sex chromosomes in sex differences.”
“The authors

have presented microstructural, ac- and dc-electrical properties, and magnetic and optical studies of Zn1-xFex/2Cox/2O (x = 0.1 and 0.2) semiconducting nanoparticles, prepared through low temperature chemical “pyrophoric reaction process.” Structural characterizations confirm BTSA1 order the formation of single phase (at a calcination temperature of selleck kinase inhibitor 300 degrees C), chemically homogeneous, nanometric sample (similar to 7 nm). Electrical studies on those samples have been carried out using an ac impedance spectroscopy and dc resistivity technique. Temperature dependent relaxation processes have been investigated by studying complex impedance

spectroscopy. The authors have also estimated activation energy from both ac and dc resistivity data of those nanoparticles. Magnetic data clearly reveal the presence of some sort of magnetic behavior, even up to room temperature, in the x 0.2 sample, whereas for x 0.1 sample, there in no such magnetic behavior. This feature has been explained through magnetic polaron percolation theory. The authors have also estimated semiconducting band gap of those nanoparticles using recorded absorbance spectra. (C) 2014 American Vacuum Society.”
“Do we as mental health workers suggest by our language that patients are “other,” foreign, and different from ourselves? Do the terms with which we refer to patients reflect an unconscious attitude that they do not belong to “our set” and we do not belong to theirs? Do we stereotype our patients without intending to? By the words we use, do we intimate that whatever is wrong with our patients is a permanent flaw, a condition that will remain forever? These are the questions explored in this Open Forum.