pseudofischeri, and N. udagawae have been described as human pathogens associated to severe cases of trabecular bone invasion, cutaneous, cerebral, liver or pulmonary aspergillosis [1, 2, 21–23]. In addition, some species were reported as primary resistant in vitro to the substance class of azole antifungals [6, 24]. Therefore, due to their intrinsic resistance, infections caused by strains of these species cause difficult to treat infections that deserve increased attention by clinicians. Molecular techniques are recommended for the correct identification of species within the group “A. fumigatus complex”, but most clinical

PLX3397 manufacturer laboratories still cannot afford to routinely implement sequencing technologies. Few electrophoretic methodologies are available for molecular identification of A. fumigatus and related species and represent valid alternatives [7–10]. Since genotyping strategies have been strongly recommended by researchers, clinicians and technicians to be implemented in clinical laboratories, it would be desirable to combine both identification and genotyping capabilities in a single method.

In this study, we explored the specificity NU7441 manufacturer of an A. fumigatus microsatellite genotyping panel in a group of closely related fungal species. The specificity of microsatellite multiplex was confirmed similar to previously described for other standard molecular methodology, such as MLST [4]. In fact, A. fumigatus could be correctly identified employing this strategy, similarly to what was previously described for Candida parapsilosis[18], Cryptococcus neoformans[15], Paracoccidioides brasiliensis[17], and Saccharomyces boulardii[16] when using microsatellite markers cAMP inhibitor combined in a multiplex. It is worth mentioning that simplified methodologies based on restricted genotyping panels of only one or two microsatellite markers [e.g. [25], although more practical and rapid for epidemiological studies, can produce inaccurate results. Our

data adds to the increasingly reported application of microsatellite alleles to identify some fungi within complexes of species. In this study we also noticed a low transferability of microsatellites within section Fumigati, namely when comparing N. fischeri genome. A small number of markers (4 of 25) have also been described as transferable from related Uredinales species to Hemileia vastatrix[26]. Our results of section Fumigati agree with previous reports that describe a smaller fraction of cross species transfer of microsatellites within fungal genera when compared with higher click here eukaryotes [27]. Genomic regions of eukaryotes and prokaryotes with microsatellites are prone to genomic alterations particularly insertions and deletions [28]. In this work we observed such modifications when we compared the genomes of A. fumigatus and N. fischeri in regions with microsatellites. The motif length (tri-, tetra- or pentanucleotide) was not correlated with an increased presence in closely related species.