Higher click here frequency and avidity responses were observed to human IgG1 DNA when compared to Ag DNA (p=0.0047) (Fig. 4D). High-avidity CTL responses should result in effective anti-tumor responses. The TRP2/HepB human IgG1 DNA vaccine was screened for prevention of lung metastases and inhibition of growth of established subcutaneous lesions. The B16F10 cells expressing IFN-α (B16F10 IFN-α) have a moderate growth rate of 4 wk, which is more representative of human cancer and were thus chosen for preliminary in vivo studies. Forty days post final immunization and forty nine days after tumor cell injection TRP2/HepB human IgG1 DNA

immunized mice exhibited peptide and tumor-specific immune responses (data not shown). The tumor area was selleck products quantified and expressed as percentage of total lung area. TRP2/HepB human IgG1 DNA immunized mice demonstrated a significant reduction in tumor burden compared to untreated control mice (p=0.0098) (Fig. 4E). When the hair was permitted to grow back after last immunization, mice immunized with TRP2/HepB human IgG1 DNA were observed to have growth of white hair at the site of immunization, which was not apparent in control mice. TRP2/HepB human IgG1 DNA was

evaluated for its ability to prevent the growth of the aggressive parental B16F10 tumor line in a therapeutic model. Figure 4f shows that immunization with TRP2/HepB human IgG1 DNA significantly (p=0.019) delays growth of the aggressive B16F10 melanoma compared to a control human IgG1 DNA vaccine. This suggests that delivering epitope-based DNA vaccines in the context of an inert carrier (i.e. Ab) has advantages. We have previously

shown that Ab protein vaccines can target Ag presenting cells through the high affinity FcγR1 receptors. Ab–DNA vaccination was therefore compared to protein vaccination and also to vaccination in Fcγ knockout mice. DNA vaccination gene gun can stimulate naïve T-cell responses by direct transfection of DC allowing direct presentation CTL epitope. Alternatively, transfection of non-professional APC and secretion of protein leading to cross presentation can occur. In contrast, generation of an immune response from protein immunization can only occur by cross presentation. TRP2 human IgG1 DNA vaccine was compared to Buspirone HCl an identical protein vaccine. TRP2 human IgG1 DNA immunized mice generate superior frequency and avidity epitope-specific responses (p=0.0028) (Fig. 5A). The results indicate that DNA vaccine is superior to protein possibly by allowing both direct and cross-presentation of CTL epitopes. A suggested mechanism for the cross presentation of epitopes from human IgG1 DNA is the binding and uptake of protein by the FcγR1. To examine if the Fc region was important mice were immunized with TRP2/HepB human IgG1 DNA constructs lacking the Fc region. Mice immunized with the vaccine lacking the Fc region demonstrate a significantly reduced response specific (p=0.