5 x 10(12) to 3 x 10(13)/cm(2), while no noticeable shift is observed in that for the higher probing energy. Assuming the carriers rapidly thermalize after excitation, this indicates that the optical phonon emission time decreases from about 50 to about 20 fs and the energy relaxation TPX-0005 rate increases from 4 to 10 meV/fs. The observed density dependence is inconsistent with the phonon bottleneck effect. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3573674]“
“Purpose: To estimate the biological doses for two severely exposed subjects (A and B) in a radiation accident in Shandong Jining, China

in 2004.

Materials and methods: Conventional chromosome aberration analysis and cytokinesis-block micronuclei (CBMN) assay were performed in peripheral blood and bone marrow samples on two subjects after the accident. A new dose-effect curve and the nuclear division index (NDI) obtained from in vitro irradiation experiments using high dose of (60)Co gamma-rays were used to estimate the exposed doses.

Results: No metaphases or binucleated cells were observed in the peripheral blood cultures from either of the subjects. However, metaphases and binucleated cells were obtained from both subjects after bone marrow cultures.

Both dicentric/ring LY2603618 datasheet and micronuclei yields were very high. The dose estimated for A and B were 20.0 Gy and 8.8 Gy, respectively, by dicentric/ring scoring, similar to the data by combination of the CBMN and NDI (CBMN+NDI) assay. The estimated doses by the two methods were in accordance with the clinical symptoms.

Conclusion: The new curve, together with the CBMN+NDI assay, are reliable for estimating higher selleck doses of irradiation. In future radiation accidents, the accuracy and significance of these methods can be further tested.”
“Heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The current strategies for treatment are limited, and new therapeutic approaches are needed. Experimental studies and clinical trials suggest that stem cell

transplantation may improve cardiac function and prevent cardiac remodeling of the injured heart. Although the results of the studies were exciting, many problems remain to be resolved such as the best method of delivering the targeted cells. Direct injection into the myocardium and intracoronary artery infusion are the two most used methods of delivery in clinical settings. However, in a portion of patients with occluded coronary arteries and poor collaterals, transplanted cells may not reach the target ischemic lesion. To resolve this problem, we hypothesize that retrograde coronary venous delivery of stem cells may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the patients with occluded coronary arteries and poor collaterals.