This expression pattern was similar to that of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) following TMT administration. The P2X1 antagonist NF499 strongly prevented neuronal cell death induced by TMT in the CA1 region, and successfully suppressed locomotor hyperreactivity. Furthermore, NF449 administration also inhibited COX-2 expression in the CA1 region AMG510 on day 3 following TMT treatment, whereas no change was observed in the CA3. These findings suggest that P2X(1) plays a primary

role in TMT-induced neuronal cell death in the CA1 region. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society. All rights reserved.”
“The relationship between “”connectivity”" measures such as DTI and the cellular alterations in the cortex that give rise to those connections remains unclear. Cytoarchitectural changes in the planum temporale (PT) suggest impaired layer III feedforward projection neurons in schizophrenia. Altered hemispheric asymmetry of the PT has been reported in patients, along with altered white matter density in the corpus callosum, and there

is anomalous activation of the PT during auditory hallucinations. We measured layer III cell density and pyramidal neuron size in PT of both hemispheres of post-mortem brains from patients with schizophrenia (n = 16) and control subjects (n = 16). We found reduced cell density and the loss of a correlation between magnopyramidal neuron density and axon number in the isthmus of the corpus callosum in schizophrenia. The normal asymmetry indicated PX-478 price that magnopyramidal neurons tend towards being larger and denser in the left PT but this asymmetry is significantly reduced in schizophrenia. The findings

offer cytoarchitectural insight into the relationship between PT cortex and callosal white matter abnormalities in MK-0518 schizophrenia. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society. All rights reserved.”
“Neostriatum plays an important role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the changes of sensitivity of dopamine receptors of neostriatal neurons in PD have been less addressed in vivo. In the present study, systemic exposure to paraquat and maneb induced Parkinsonian symptoms and neuronal loss of substantia nigra pars compacta. Using single-unit recording methods, three types of neostriatal neurons were recorded including medium spiny-like neurons, large aspiny-like neurons and fast-spiking interneurons. In the exposed rats, increased firing activity of neostriatal neurons was revealed when compared to control rats. Following D1 receptor agonist, SKF38393 and D2 receptor agonist, LY171555 iontophoretically administrated respectively, effects of increase and decrease in firing activity were both observed in neostriatal neurons.