The same participants then completed
two non-imitative versions of the task in Experiment 2. The ‘geometric’ version of the task required participants to perform actions specified by the movement of abstract geometric shapes. The ‘verbal’ version of the task required participants to describe the observed actions. Adults with ASD were as impaired on each non-imitative version of the task as they were on the imitative version, suggesting that the impaired BI-D1870 clinical trial performance on the imitation task was not due to a functional mirroring deficit. Instead, more general factors contributed to the poor performance on this task. These findings add to the weight of evidence suggesting that impairments in imitation skills should not be cited as evidence consistent with a ‘mirror system deficit theory’ of ASD. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background. This investigation aims to determine the 12-month drinking trajectory of older at-risk drinkers in treatment. Furthermore, the drinking trajectory between at-risk drinkers who had met the threshold suggestive of alcohol dependence (problem at-risk drinkers) and those who did not meet this threshold (nonproblematic at-risk drinkers) were compared.
Methods. This investigation is a component of the PRISM-E (Primary Care selleck inhibitor Research
in Substance Abuse and Mental Health for the Elderly) Study, a multisite randomized trial comparing service use, outcomes, and cost between Integrated (IC) versus Enhanced Specialty Referral (ESR) care models for older (65-1 years) adults with depression, anxiety, and/or at-risk alcohol consumption. This investigation focuses only on at-risk drinkers, generally defined as exceeding recommended drinking limits, which in the case of older adults has been classified as consuming more than one drink per day. Two hundred fifty-eight randomized older at-risk drinkers 17-DMAG (Alvespimycin) HCl were examined,
of whom 56% were problem drinkers identified through the Short Michigan Alcohol Screening Test-Geriatric version.
Results. Over time, all at-risk drinkers showed a significant reduction in drinking. Problem drinkers showed reductions in average weekly consumption and number of occurrences of binge drinking at 3, 6, and 12 months, whereas nonproblematic drinkers showed significant reductions in average weekly consumption at 3, 6, and 12 months and number of occurrences of binge drinking at only 6 months. IC treatment assignment led to higher engagement in treatment, which led to better binge drinking outcomes for problem drinkers. Despite significant reductions in drinking, approximately 29% of participants displayed at-risk drinking at the end of the study.
Conclusions. Results suggest that older at-risk drinkers, both problem and nonproblematic, show a considerable decrease in drinking, with slightly greater improvement evidenced in problem drinkers and higher engagement in treatment seen in those assigned to IC.