The effects of air pollution were more apparent in women than in men. Age, sex, educational level, smoking status, personal income, occupational exposure, BMI and exercise frequency influenced the relationship between outdoor PM10 and NO2 and mortality. For SO2, only smoking, little regular exercise and BMI above 18.5 influenced
the relationship with mortality. Conclusion: These data contribute to the scientific literature on the long-term effects of air pollution for the high-exposure settings LY294002 in vitro typical in developing countries. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“Objectives: Deep neck abscesses are complex head & neck problems that can lead to significant complications including life threatening infections. It is understood that the pathology of these infections is primarily polymicrobial. Although broad spectrum antibiotics can be effective for small abscesses, larger GSI-IX supplier abscesses can be recalcitrant and difficult to treat with antibiotics. It has been demonstrated for several infectious diseases, including some of head & neck, that biofilm phenotypes present a unique model for recurrence and chronicity of infectious diseases. It
is suspected that biofilm phenotypes could play a crucial role in the recalcitrance of large deep neck abscesses. This study presents initial evidence indicating the presence of polymicrobial biofilms in deep neck space infections.
Methods: Fourteen samples obtained via biopsy of abscess walls from deep neck spaces of patients Ro 61-8048 clinical trial undergoing surgical drainage. Eight patients were male and 6 were female. All but one patient were pediatric with ages ranging from 18 months to 32 years. All samples were processed and analyzed with scanning electron microscopy.
Results: Electron micrographs of 12 out of 14 specimens
showed discrete biofilm architecture with individual bacteria, both rods and cocci, embedded within the matrix. ThiS was starkly different from tissue surfaces devoid of biofilms.
Conclusions: This initial evidence suggests that biofilm phenotypes could play a role in the pathogenesis and recalcitrance of deep neck infections, particularly in larger abscesses. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objective-To evaluate effects of thrombophlebitis of I or both jugular veins on athletic performance of horses.
Design-Retrospective case series.
Animals-91 horses with jugular vein thrombophlebitis.
Procedures-Medical records of horses with jugular vein thrombophlebitis examined between 1988 and 2005 were reviewed for signalment, history, clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment. Performance was evaluated in 2 ways. A questionnaire was used to obtain a subjective assessment from the owner or trainer of the horse’s performance after thrombophlebitis, compared with the performance before thrombophlebitis. Racing records from before and after thrombophlebitis were also evaluated.