Nevertheless, the data presented here represent an important step forward in making such materials available and hence support efforts to further improve the performance of analytical tools for detection of allergens in food. A unique aspect Selleck Compound C of the EuroPrevall dessert matrix is that it has been used in DBPCFC to develop low-dose threshold data that will ultimately contribute to the evidence base required

for the development of “action levels” for allergens in foods. The use of a matrix and incurred food ingredients with demonstrable allergenic activity, for analytical purposes, will help ensure efforts to standardise calibration materials and harmonisation of allergen reporting units remain linked in a meaningful way to efforts to protect allergic consumers

from accidental exposure to problem foods. The authors declare no conflict of interest exists. We would like to acknowledge the input of Joseph Baumert (Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, Nebraska, USA) for invaluable contributions to this work. We would also like to thank the UK Food Standards Agency for supporting this work. “
“The authors regret that Fig. 3 in the original article was incorrect. A correct version of Fig. 3 appears below. The author would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. “
“Rice (Oryza sativa), one of the most important crops in the world, is a staple food for more Ulixertinib chemical structure than three billion people. In addition, this cereal grain is also used in animal feed. The majority of rice is grown and consumed in Asia, particularly in China ( Chen et al., 2011, Datta, 2004, James, 2009 and Kathuria et al., 2007). On the European (EU) market, most of the rice is currently imported from Asia ( Stein & Rodriguez-Cerezo, 2009). In order to provide food to the growing worldwide population (approximately eight billion in 2020), rice production should increase significantly (25–40%). To this end, genetically modified (GM) rices are developed to ensure sufficient rice production in spite of the lack

of arable land. According to the scientific literature on GM rice, the research in laboratories mainly target improving biotic (insect, virus, fungi, Farnesyltransferase bacteria) and abiotic (drought, salinity, cold) tolerances ( Ahmad et al., 2012, Chen et al., 2011, Datta, 2004, High et al., 2004, Kathuria et al., 2007 and Yu et al., 2012). The development of GM rice is highly supported by the Chinese government ( Chen et al., 2011 and Xia et al., 2011). Since 2009, two insect resistant GM rices (Huahui-1 and Bt Shanyou 63) are cultivated on a large scale for commercialisation in China. In addition, other insect resistant (Tarom molaii) and herbicide tolerant (CL121, CL141, CFX51, IMINTA-1, IMINTA-4, PWC16, LLRICE62, LLRICE06 and LLRICE601) GM rices are nowadays commercialised worldwide ( Biosafety scanner, 2013, CERA, 2013, Chen et al., 2011, Tan et al., 2011, Wang et al., 2012 and Xia et al., 2011).