“Meningiomas

are usually benign tumors that are fr


“Meningiomas

are usually benign tumors that are frequently encountered in the intracranial region. They account for 15% of the overall intracranial tumors. Of the intracranial meningiomas, less than 3% extend up to the sinonasal region. The frequency of meningioma in females is 2 times higher than that in males; it is most commonly observed in the fifth decade of life. It is usually asymptomatic and detected incidentally. A small number of meningiomas may cause some symptoms including seizure attacks and cranial nerve paralysis according to their locations. On the physical examination of a 56-year-old woman, who presented with nasal obstruction, a mass that completely obliterated the left nasal passage was detected. An incisional biopsy finding of the mass revealed meningioma, and the patient was hospitalized Barasertib in vivo in the clinic for surgical procedure. The mass was excised by endonasal endoscopic method. In this present article, we aimed to discuss a quite rare case, which had meningioma arising from the anterior skull base and completely obliterating the left nasal passage with the coexistence 3-Methyladenine clinical trial of right nasal polyp, in the light of the current literature.”
“Purpose of review

To review the utility and the latest developments in three-dimensional (3D)

echocardiography of mitral valve prolapse.

Recent findings

Although 3D echocardiography was invented in 1974, it did not gain wide clinical acceptance until the introduction of real-time 3D echocardiography in the first decade of the 21st century. Driven by improvements in probe technology and increases in computing power, 3D echocardiography now provides unprecedented images of mitral valve prolapse and its associated mitral regurgitation with see more no or minimal requirements for image post processing.

Summary

3D echocardiography has become the echocardiographic

modality of choice for establishing the diagnosis, describing the precise anatomy, and visualization of mitral regurgitant jets in mitral valve prolapse. 3D echocardiography is becoming indispensable in guiding surgical and percutaneous methods of mitral valve repair and replacement.”
“Nonlinear spatial encoding fields for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) hold great promise to improve on the linear gradient approaches by, for example, enabling reduced imaging times. Imaging schemes that employ general nonlinear encoding fields are difficult to analyze using traditional measures. In particular, the resolution is spatially varying, characterized by a position-dependent point spread function (PSF). Likewise, the use of nonlinear encoding fields creates an additional spatial dependence on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Although the two properties of resolution and SNR are linked, in this work we focus on the latter. To this end, we examine the pixel variance, which requires a computation that is often not feasible for nonlinear encoding schemes.

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