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“Background
For normal functioning of the human body, there must be equilibrium between acids and alkali in body fluids [1]. Almost all function of enzymes and cells is dependent on the acid–base balance [2]. The acidity or alkalinity of body fluids is usually expressed by pH, which is affected by hydrogen ion concentration ([H+). In arteries, normal pH is 7.4. During acidosis there is an excess of hydrogen ions and pH is below 7.4, whereas during alkalosis hydrogen ions are lost and pH is above 7.4. Regulation mechanisms of the acid–base balance try to maintain pH in body fluids strictly between 7.37 and 7.43 [2]. According to the physicochemical approach of Peter Stewart, there are three independent variables that determine the hydrogen ion concentration and, thus, pH of body fluids: strong ion difference (SID), total concentration of weak acids (Atot) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) [3]. The approach of Stewart is a more versatile way to explore the acid–base balance than the traditional, CO2-centered Henderson-Hasselbalch equation [4].