Kaufman et al. found that older people were more likely to take multivitamin and mineral supplements, while younger people were more likely to take this website creatine [4]. Older adults are more likely to use supplements for site-specific health reasons (e.g., bone, heart, eye). Whereas, younger adults are more likely to use products with a short-term effect, SU5402 manufacturer either to enhance energy or boost immune function. It has also been reported by Bailey et al. that both men and women use supplements for very specific gender related reasons (e.g., heart and bone health, respectively) [7]. Furthermore, scientific

researchers have shown that people have different opinions about the use of supplements [5, 6, 8–15] and the appropriate food to eat. As reported by Bianco et al. [16] and colleagues [5, 6], proteins are the most widely ingested supplements in people attending commercial gyms. Moreover, there is an increased interest in what is considered

“proper” nutrition [17–19]. However, gym users might follow dietary regimes that are less or more than optimal [20, 21]. According to the nutrition transition model [22], the dietary patterns of a society become more diversified amidst urbanization and higher income levels. This dietary STA-9090 in vivo diversity is often associated with an increase in the proportion of fats and sweeteners [23]. Dietary behaviour is in fact a complex phenomenon; food-based approaches are regarded as the long-term strategy for improving nutrition. These require significant efforts and appropriate

planning in order to include certain specific macronutrients or supplements in everyday’s diet [24]. Dieting or unhealthy eating practices, (such as eating foods deemed as “bad” by the dieter), may be associated with long-term weight gain [25]. The purpose of this investigation is to understand frequency of food intake of common foods and how this consumption varies between those who use dietary supplements and those who don’t. In addition we are interested in understanding the eventual differences between the city centre and the suburbs of Palermo in resistance trained men and women. Methods Participants Permissions to conduct a survey were obtained from the managers of a representative number of twelve commercial gyms located in Adenosine the suburbs of Palermo in 2013. We considered suburb gyms (SB) as being located on the outskirts of Palermo (Range from 20 km to 60 km). The gyms were identified by using a database of the CONI register (National Olympic Committee Register for Sport and Fitness Associations). Through this fitness database, a number of 1200 people (20% of the total number) (Age ranging between 13 and 68 years old 26 ± 9 yrs; Females 27 ± 9 yrs, Males 26 ± 9 for the CC and 29 ± 10 yrs, Females 31 ± 10, Males 29 ± 10 for the SB), were randomly selected as potential participants.