Internal primers used for sequencing given in Table Table11 were used for sequencing in an automated DNA sequencer (ABI Prism 3730 Applied Biosystems, Foster City, USA). The nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper appears in the GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ nucleotide sequence databases Ganetespib side effects with accession numbers “type”:”entrez-nucleotide-range”,”attrs”:”text”:”EF103275-EF103285″,”start_term”:”EF103275″,”end_term”:”EF103285″,”start_term_id”:”126009735″,”end_term_id”:”126009787″EF103275-EF103285 and “type”:”entrez-nucleotide”,”attrs”:”text”:”AY945305″,”term_id”:”62956008″,”term_text”:”AY945305″AY945305. The genome length has been measured according to Galibert et al[15]. Table 1 Primers used for sequencing Data analysis HBV genotyping was done by phylogenetic analysis using full-length sequences, core and preS2 and surface regions.

Briefly, sequences were aligned using the CLUSTALW software[16]. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using the Kimura two-parameter matrix and neighbor-joining (NJ) method by MEGA software version 3.1[17]. To confirm the reliability of the phylogenetic tree analysis, bootstrap resampling and reconstruction were carried out 1000 times. Recombination was investigated by SimPlot[18] distributed by the author Ray at (http://www.welch.jhu.edu/). Boot scanning was performed for each of the strains using four sequences at a time[19], i.e. putative recombinant sequence, two consensus sequences of the parental genotype and one consensus sequence as an out-group. RESULTS Patients and virological characteristics Baseline characteristics of the study population are given in Table Table2.

2. The majority of the patients were male (M: 10, F: 2). Of the 12 patients, five had cirrhosis, all diagnosed radiologically; [one decompensated with a Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score of 8, and four compensated with a CPT score of 5], and five with CHB (all biopsy proven), and two had HCC. Of the 12, eight were HBeAg-positive and the remaining four were anti-HBe positive. The EcoRI restriction enzyme site was present in seven of the full-length sequences, whereas it was absent in five. All sequences had a nucleotide (nt.) length of 3182 except genotype A sequence, which Batimastat had 3221 nt. Table 2 Baseline characteristics of patients Distribution of genotypes Phylogenetic analysis using complete HBV genomes of genotypes A to H derived from GenBank revealed the presence of genotype A and D in the study population. Genotype D was predominant, accounting for 92% of the study patients (Figure (Figure1).1). The nature of genotype D was confirmed by the presence of a 33-bp deletion in the preS1 and a 6-bp deletion in the core terminal regions. Whereas in the genotype A sequence, the 33-bp and 6 bp deletions were absent.