Dysfunction of working memory, a system for the short-term storage and manipulation of information, may relate to a number of core symptoms of schizophrenia. Many studies have examined working memory function in schizophrenia but a SHP099 datasheet clear understanding of the nature and extent of any deficit has been elusive.

Method. A systematic

review and meta-analysis of studies comparing working memory function in subjects with schizophrenia and healthy controls was performed. Following a comprehensive literature search, meta-analyses were conducted on 36 measures of phonological, visuospatial and central executive working memory functioning, encompassing 441 separate results from 187 different studies.

Results. Statistically significant effect sizes were found for all working memory measures, indicating deficits in schizophrenia groups. Some of these were robust findings in the absence of evidence selleck chemicals llc of significant heterogeneity or publication bias. Meta-regression analyses showed that the working memory deficit was not simply explained by discrepancies in current IQ between schizophrenia and control groups.

Conclusions. Large deficits in working memory were demonstrated in schizophrenia groups across all three working memory domains. There were, however, no clear differences across subdomains or between particular working memory

tasks. There was substantial heterogeneity across results that could only be partly explained.”
“Objective: Patients

with Marfan syndrome with aortic root aneurysms undergo elective aortic root replacement to avoid the life-threatening outcomes of aortic dissection and emergency repair. The long-term implications of failed aortic surveillance leading to acute dissection and emergency repair are poorly defined. We compared the long-term Phosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase clinical courses of patients with Marfan syndrome who survive emergency versus elective proximal aortic surgery.

Methods: The Genetically Triggered Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Cardiovascular Conditions Registry is a National Institutes of Health-funded multicenter database and biorepository that enrolls patients with genetically triggered thoracic aortic aneurysms. Of the 635 patients with Marfan syndrome enrolled as of March 2011, 194 had undergone proximal aortic replacement. Patients were grouped according to emergency (n = 47) or elective (n = 147) status at the time of surgery.

Results: Patients in the emergency group were more likely to have incomplete proximal aortic resection; 83% of emergency procedures included aortic root replacement, compared with 95% of elective procedures. At long-term follow-up (mean, >6 years), the emergency group had a higher incidence of chronic dissection of the distal aorta and significantly larger diameters in distal aortic segments than elective patients. Patients in the emergency group had undergone more operations (1.31 vs 1.11 procedures/patient; P = .