Differences Selleck AZD0530 may exist among various species with regard to the requirement for ftsQ/divIB under laboratory conditions. The lon gene was identified, using SCOTS, in the livers of ducks infected with Riemerella anatipestifer (Zhou et al., 2009). The Lon protein is involved mainly in the quantitative regulation of cellular proteins; the strain that lacked the lon gene showed impaired replication in the host cell and exhibited a very sensitive phenotype to hydrogen peroxide and acidic environments

(Tsilibaris et al., 2006). Meanwhile, the Lon protein has been associated with bacterial pathogenesis; it has been demonstrated that the Brucella abortus and Salmonella typhi lon homologue is required for wild-type virulence during the initial stage of infection in mice (Robertson et al., 2000; Takaya et al., 2003). Baltes and Gerlach identified the tufA gene of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in necrotic porcine tissue using SCOTS (Baltes & Gerlach, 2004). Elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) is encoded by tuf genes and carries aminoacyl-tRNA Selleck Liproxstatin-1 to the ribosome during protein synthesis. The tuf mutation caused the ribosome to pause following the action of RNA polymerase and exposed unshielded nascent message to RNase E cleavage (Hammarlof & Hughes,

2008). In addition, scs-L7 and scs-L20, which encode peptide chain TCL release factor 1 and HemK protein, were identified by SCOTS analysis. In E. coli, the genes were present in the hemA-prfA-hemK

operon; PrfA belongs to the cAMP receptor protein/fumarate nitrate reductase regulator family of bacterial transcription factors, and HemK plays a role in the termination of translation (Dincbas-Renqvist et al., 2000). A hemK knockout strain of E. coli not only suffered severe growth defects, but also showed a global shift in gene expression to anaerobic respiration, as determined by microarray analysis, and this shift may have led to the abrogation of photosensitivity by reducing oxidative stress (Nakahigashi et al., 2002). PrfA is a key regulator of pathogenesis in Listeria monocytogenes and is post-translationally regulated such that the protein becomes activated upon bacterial entry into the cell cytosol; prfA mutants that are constitutively activated show impaired motility (Xayarath et al., 2011). Lastly, many scl-L clones were found to be homologous to specific genes of P. multocida that may be involved in virulence, for example, infB, secD, glpT, and tadG. The infA and infB genes encode translation initiation factors 1 and 2 and are essential for the initiation of protein synthesis in prokaryotes (Laalami et al., 1991). The infB gene was picked out in this study, and infA was expressed within macrophages by S. typhi, as identified by SCOTS (Faucher et al., 2005).