Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“The shape and structural evolution of Co nanoparticles embedded in SiO2 and subjected to swift heavy-ion irradiation have been investigated over a wide energy and fluence range. Sapitinib molecular weight Modifications of the nanoparticle size and shape were characterized with transmission

electron microscopy and small-angle x-ray scattering. Nanoparticles below a threshold diameter remained spherical in shape and progressively decreased in size under irradiation due to dissolution. Nanoparticles above the threshold diameter transformed into nanorods with their major dimension parallel to the incident ion direction. Modifications of the atomic-scale structure of the Co nanoparticles were identified with x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Analysis of the x-ray absorption near-edge spectra showed that prior to irradiation all Co atoms were in a metallic state, while after irradiation Co atoms were in both oxidized and metallic environments, the former consistent with dissolution. The evolution of the nanoparticle short-range order was determined from extended x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. Structural changes in the Co nanoparticles as a function

of ion fluence included an increase in disorder and asymmetric deviation from CAL 101 a Gaussian interatomic distance distribution coupled with a decrease in bondlength. Such changes resulted from the irradiation-induced decrease in nanoparticle size and subsequent dissolution. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3587171]“
“Objective.

The shape of the face can be estimated before the surgery by using 3-dimensional computer programs that provide tools to guide skill modifications. The aim of this study was to present the dynamic volume spline method to predict facial soft tissue changes after the modification of the skull associated with orthognathic surgery.

Study design. Soft tissue volume is modeled by a dynamic volume spline that includes the elastic behavior of the actual tissue. The model is a hybrid of spring-mass model and finite element model, and combines their advantageous properties. It provides fast and realistic soft tissue VX-680 simulations. Postsurgical shape of the patient’s face is estimated by reshaping the skull and letting the soft tissue model relax over the new boundary conditions formed by the new skull shape. Postsurgical estimations were compared with the conventional method’s estimations, where the soft tissue is not modeled biomechanically. Also, postsurgical estimations were compared with the actual postsurgical data for 6 orthognathic surgery patients.

Results. The mean of the error between the estimated shapes and the actual postsurgical shapes was similar to 1.8 mm when the whole face was considered.

Conclusion.