Because of the co-existing of two similar crystallographic orientation faces, the two faces would attach together thermodynamically in order to eliminate the pairs of high-energy surface. This is exactly the so-called oriented attachment mechanism [11]. After the assembling of the sub-branch dendrites, ions in the solution continue to aggregate around the assembled sites to form robust AgCl-assembled dendrites (Figure 2e,f). As a result, assembled dendrites with eight branches are created, which we call octagonal dendrites, as shown in Figure 1c.

As we know, nucleating and dissolving simultaneously take place throughout the whole BMN 673 manufacturer reaction process, and their rates changed constantly. The reagent concentration decreases as the reaction time prolonged, so the rate of nucleating becomes slow and reaches equilibrium with the dissolving rate. Basically, no extra amount of AgCl crystal is generated under this circumstance. However, due to the extremely high concentration of HCl, a third round of instability referring

to Equation 2 is underlying. So the octagonal dendrite dissolves into eight dendrites and their surface becomes smoother. Therefore, smaller smooth dendrites (20 to 30 μm compared LCZ696 molecular weight with 50 to 60 μm before) are generated as showed in Figure 1d. From the above analysis, we know that the processes of the dissolving and the nucleating ran into another round, and at this time, the appearance of new ions generated by dissolving could contribute to the new round of nucleating. However, the concentration of the new ERK inhibitor product ion is not high enough to generate dendritic crystals; cubic seeds form

instead as shown in Figure 3a. At this time, there is no fragmentized dendrite with plane roots co-existing, so no assembling process occurs. The new product ions constantly stick to the new forming cubes. As shown in the insert of Figure 3a, a large number of new generating cubes receive ions, and then preferentially overgrow along the direction of <111> and secondary along <110> orientation. That is actually the same orientation choice as the other study has shown [2]. Therefore, the flower-like Oxalosuccinic acid octagonal crystals formed as shown in Figure 3b, which dimension is smaller than the previous octagonal dendrites. Meanwhile, there are a large number of uniformly distributed step structures as shown in the insert of Figure 3a. This kind of three-dimensional hierarchical structure has another characteristic: all the faces of the step structure expose [001] facets. The hierarchical structure is expected to have high superficial area. As a consequence, a novel structure, which is flower-like with eight petals, is generated as shown in Figure 1e and Figure 3b. Figure 3 SEM images of AgCl microstructures by one-pot hydrothermal process at different reaction times.