Acknowledgements This work is supported by the National Natural S

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Frontiers in Electronics. Edited by: Iwai H, Nishi Y, Shur MS, Wong H. Singapore: World Scientific; 2006:241–262. 8. Lucovsky G: Electronic structure of transition see more metal/rare earth alternative high-k gate dielectrics: interfacial band alignments and intrinsic defects. Microeletron Reliab 2003, 43:1417–1426. 10.1016/S0026-2714(03)00253-1CrossRef 9. Lucovsky G, Phillips JC: Microscopic bonding macroscopic strain relaxations at Si-SiO 2 interfaces. Appl Phys A 2004, 78:453–459.CrossRef 10. Fitch JT, Bjorkman CH, Lucovsky G, Pollak FH, Yim X: Intrinsic

stress and stress gradients at the SiO 2 /Si interface in structures prepared by thermal oxidation of Si and subjected to Mannose-binding protein-associated serine protease rapid thermal annealing. J Vac Sci Technol B 1989, 7:775–781.CrossRef 11. Lucovsky G, Yang H, Niimi H, Keister JW, Rowe JE, Thorpe MF, Phillips JC: Intrinsic limitations on device performance and reliability from bond-constraint induced transition regions at interfaces of Selleck BLZ945 stacked dielectrics. J Vac Sci Technol B 2000, 18:1742–1748. 10.1116/1.591464CrossRef 12. Wong H, Iwai H: Modeling and characterization of direct tunneling current in dual-layer ultrathin gate dielectric films. J Vac Sci Technol B 2006, 24:1785–1793. 10.1116/1.2213268CrossRef 13. Wong H, Iwai H, Kakushima K, Yang BL, Chu PK: XPS study of the bonding properties of lanthanum oxide/silicon interface with a trace amount of nitrogen incorporation. J Electrochem Soc 2010, 157:G49-G52. 10.1149/1.3268128CrossRef 14.

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