2009 [3], Hotter et al. 2010 [15], Revez et al. 2011 [16]; p<0.05/# p<0.001 www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD1152-HQPA.html significance level in comparison to the remaining isolates belonging not to the corresponding group, additionally the values in subgroups with above average numbers of positive isolates are given in bold numbers; in the case of ceuE and pldA the NCTC 11168 typical allele presence is given in bold if the isolate numbers were above average. Figure 1 MLST-sequence based UPGMA-tree and the arrangement of the six different marker genes within the six defined groups (twelve subgroups). On the left side the MLST-sequence based UPGMA-tree of 266 C. jejuni isolates

is depicted. The numbers shown on the branches of the tree indicate the linkage distances. The right side of the table lists all isolates in the order of the UPGMA-tree depicting the source of the isolate, the presence or absence of the six marker genes and their belonging to one of the groups listed in Table1.

Source: Human isolates are marked blue, chicken isolates yellow, bovine isolates red, and turkey isolates green. Marker genes: Presence of a genetic marker is marked with a light red shade, absence with a light green shade. The marker genes from left to right are: cjj1321-6 : O-linked flagellin glycosylation locus; fucP: L-fucose Sapanisertib permease gene (cj0486); cj0178: outer membrane siderophore receptor; cj0755: iron uptake protein (ferric receptor cfrA); ceuE: enterochelin uptake binding protein; pldA: outer membrane phospholipase A; cstII: LOS sialyltransferase II; cstIII: LOS sialyltransferase III; The last column gives the group according to Table1:

light grey (1A), light selleck compound yellow (1B*) intense yellow (1B**), dark yellow (1B***) cyan blue (2A), bondi blue (2B), carrot-orange (3A*), orange-red (3A**); rust-red (3B), turquoise [4], red [5], steel-blue [6] and white (singeltons). The flagellin O-glycosylation locus cj1321-cj1326 as marker for livestock-associated strains could be detected in the majority of the isolate groups: 1A, 1B*, 1B**, 3A and 4, assuming their livestock association. In contrast to that, especially the groups 2A + B as well as 1B***, 3B and 5 were negative for this selleck screening library marker gene. A comparable distribution pattern could be demonstrated for the fucP gene. The isolate groups 1A, 1B*, 1B**, 3A* and 6, are positive for this marker gene, whereas the fucP genes was nearly absent in the groups 1B***, 2A + B, 3A** + B and 4. Feodoroff and coworkers identified a subpopulation in which they were not able to detect ceuE using ceuE-primers derived from the NCTC 11168 genome sequence [7]. The same phenomenon was described by them for pldA using NCTC 11168 genome based primers, but here the differences were not significant [7].