J Appl Microbiol 2007, 102:100–105.PubMedCrossRef 15. Joly JR, Chen YY, Ramsay D: Serogrouping and subtyping of Legionella pneumophila with monoclonal antibodies. J Clin Microbiol 1983, 18:1040–1046.PubMed 16. Helbig JH, Bernander S, Castellani Pastoris M, Etienne J, Gaia V, Lauwers S, Lindsay D, Lück C, Marques T, Mentula S, et al.: Pan-European study on culture-proven Legionnaires’ disease: distribution of Legionella pneumophila serogroups and monoclonal subgroups. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2002, 21:710–716.PubMedCrossRef 17. Knirel

YA, Valvano MA: Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides: Structure, Chemical Synthesis, 20s Proteasome activity Biogenisis and Interaction with Host Cells. Vienna: Springer Vienna; 2011.CrossRef 18. Knirel YA, Rietschel ET, Marre R, Zähringer U: The structure of the O-specific chain of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 lipopolysaccharide. Eur J Biochem 1994, 221:239–245.PubMedCrossRef 19. Zähringer U, Knirel YA, Lindner B, Helbig JH, Sonesson A, Marre R, Rietschel ET: The lipopolysaccharide of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (strain Philadelphia 1): chemical structure and biological significance. Prog Clin Biol Res 1995, 392:113–139.PubMed

20. Kooistra O, Herfurth L, Lüneberg E, Frosch M, Peters T, Zähringer U: ITF2357 order epitope mapping of the O-chain polysaccharide of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 lipopolysaccharide by saturation-transfer-difference NMR spectroscopy. Eur J Biochem 2002, 269:573–582.PubMedCrossRef 21. Lüneberg E, Zetzmann GDC0449 N, Alber D, Knirel YA, Kooistra O, Zähringer U, Frosch M: Cloning and functional characterization of a 30 kb gene locus required for lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis in Legionella pneumophila. Int J Med Microbiol 2000, 290:37–49.PubMedCrossRef 22. Zou Celecoxib CH, Knirel YA, Helbig JH, Zähringer U, Mintz CS: Molecular cloning and characterization of a locus responsible

for O acetylation of the O polysaccharide of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 lipopolysaccharide. J Bacteriol 1999, 181:4137–4141.PubMed 23. Joly JR, McKinney RM, Tobin JO, Bibb WF, Watkins ID, Ramsay D: Development of a standardized subgrouping scheme for Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 using monoclonal antibodies. J Clin Microbiol 1986, 23:768–771.PubMed 24. Helbig JH, Lück PC, Knirel YA, Witzleb W, Zähringer U: Molecular characterization of a virulence-associated epitope on the lipopolysaccharide of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1. Epidemiol Infect 1995, 115:71–78.PubMedCrossRef 25. Amemura-Maekawa J, Kikukawa K, Helbig JH, Kaneko S, Suzuki-Hashimoto A, Furuhata K, Chang B, Murai M, Ichinose M, Ohnishi M, et al.: Distribution of monoclonal antibody subgroups and sequence-based types among Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates derived from cooling tower water, bathwater, and soil in Japan. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012, 78:4263–4270.PubMedCrossRef 26. Harrison TG, Doshi N, Fry NK, Joseph CA: Comparison of clinical and environmental isolates of Legionella pneumophila obtained in the UK over 19 years.