fluctuating levels of sugar during the course of nematode development and feeding. The high metabolic rate of cells was suggested by the increased expression of ribosomal genes in giant cells induced protocol by M. javanica in tomato roots. Degradation Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries of the cell walls could result in release of sugar which in turn will be channeled to glycolysis as reflected in the activation of the genes encoding enzymes in the glycolytic pathway. Also, since some enzymes in glycolysis participate in the biosynthesis of pentose, purines and pyrimidines, there could be an increase in production of nucleotides required for DNA replication. Plant defense system When a nematode invades a plant root, it must repress or control the plant defense response so it can success fully establish its permanent feeding site.

Our microarray data showed significant changes in expres sion of genes related to the defense Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries response against pathogens. The pathway leading to jasmonic acid bio synthesis is one of the pathways associated with patho gen resistance and genes in this pathway were significantly affected by Meloidogyne incognita infesta tion at both time points. At 12 dai, six of seven members of the lipoxygenase gene family were up regulated. Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries Lipoxygenase is essential to oxylipin biosynthesis and has an important function in the plant defense response against wounding and pathogen attack. Reduction of LOX activity resulted in an increase in susceptibility of transgenic potato plants to insect attack. Over expression of the gene encoding lipoxygenase could mean that more 9 HPOTrE would be produced.

This is one of Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries the major products of lipoxygenase. Interestingly, 9 HPOTrE is involved in the activation of the plant defense response directly or through its metabolites. In potato plants, 9 HPOTrE is produced in response to injury or infection. The role of 9 HPOTrE in the plant defense response suggests that there may be another pathway of LOX mediated defense response. 9 HPOTrE could also be a substrate for allene oxide synthase to produce OPDA, the precursor for jasmonic acid. At 10 wai, the abundance of the lipoxy genase transcript was much lower than the 12 dai time point. Three of seven gene family members encoding lipoxygenase were down regulated. Also, all of the allene oxide synthase family members were greatly down regu lated in addition to some other genes encoding enzymes in the jasmonic acid biosynthetic pathway.

This indicates that at 12 dai the plant defense system is still struggling to fight the infestation, Anacetrapib but after pro longed infection most of the genes that are responsible for the production of one major defense hormone, jasmonic acid, were turned off. Genes in this pathway could be selleck kinase inhibitor targets for testing whether resistance to nematode infestation can be increased in transformed plants by over expression of these genes. We found a number of genes encoding PR proteins that were differentially expressed in soybean roots 12 dai with M. incognita. The genes encoding PR 1,