Caucasians were the predominant ethnic population in this study (

Caucasians were the predominant ethnic population in this study (n = 1443) with the frequency of the good responder IFN-λ3 rs12979860 CC and rs8099917 TT genotypes being 32% and 52%, respectively. These results were very similar to that found in Caucasians from the pivotal GWAS from North America and Australia-Europe Opaganib concentration reporting on the IFN-λ3 rs12979860 and rs8099917 SNPs, respectively.[1, 2] Asian subjects, in contrast, had a higher prevalence of good

responder genotypes, and both SNP responder alleles were of similar prevalence. The overall frequency of the IFN-λ3 rs12979860 CC was 80%, while the rs8099917 TT genotype frequency was 86%. These findings were similar to that reported in other Asian cohorts with HCV Gt1 infection, including those from Taiwan (rs12979860 CC 90%, rs8099917 TT 90%),[11] China (rs12979860 CC 88%, rs8099917 TT 85%),[12, 13] and Korea (rs8099917 TT 85%).[14] Reports from Japan have been mixed, however, with the prevalence of the rs8099917 TT genotype in HCV Gt1 varying from 71% to 86%.[3, 15] The high prevalence of good responder IFN-λ3 polymorphisms along with recent data linking favorable IFN-λ3 genotype

to improved viral clearance and kinetics[16, 17] among Asians explains much of why Asian subjects have high response rates to PEG-IFN plus RBV. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report the distribution of IFN-λ3 polymorphisms among Australian LEE011 in vivo (or non-Australian) Aboriginals with CHC. Interestingly, we found that the prevalence of favorable IFN-λ3 genotypes among the 33 Aboriginals tested was similar to that of Caucasians with the frequency of the IFN-λ3 rs12979860 CC and rs8099917 TT genotypes being 33% and 63%, respectively. Limited data exists, however, on the outcomes of PEG-IFN and RBV therapy in Aboriginal Australians with CHC to determine whether our findings have a clinical corollary. Indeed, the only relevant study of note evaluating this issue involved Aboriginal Canadians who had similar response rates to PEG-IFN plus RBV therapy compared with non-Aboriginal

Canadians.[18] Further studies are therefore needed to address the issue of the relationship of IFN-λ3 genotype and IFN responsiveness among this important ethnic 上海皓元医药股份有限公司 group. Our study is also the first to describe the distribution of IFN-λ3 polymorphisms in native New Zealanders and Pacific Islanders. Although subject numbers were small (n = 17), Maoris and Pacific Islanders both had a relatively high prevalence of good responder genotypes, with the frequency of IFN-λ3 rs12979860 CC being 75% and 78%, and rs8099917 TT genotype 88% and 89%, respectively. Thus, the IFN-λ3 distribution of both ethnic groups appears to resemble far more closely that of Asians rather than indigenous Australians.

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