36650/07) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Ref. PI07/90201; Ref. UIPY 1467/07; PI08/0738) to SR and from FIS (Ref. ISCIII-RETIC RD06/006, PI08/0928) and FIPSE (Ref. 36443/03) to JB. DM is supported by a grant from

Fundación Lair (grant 020907). Financial disclosure The authors do not have commercial or other associations that might pose a conflict of interest. “
“For some patient populations, RAD001 specific considerations need to be taken into account when deciding when to start and the choice of ART. The following sections outline specific recommendations and the supporting rationale for defined patient populations. In parallel to guidelines on ART in adults, BHIVA also publishes guidelines on the management and treatment of specific patient populations, including coinfection with TB, coinfection with viral hepatitis B or C, and HIV-positive pregnant women. An outline of the recommendations for when to start and choice of ART, from the BHIVA guidelines for TB and viral hepatitis is summarized signaling pathway below. The reader should refer to the full, published guidelines for these patient populations for more detailed information and guidance

on the BHIVA website (http://www.bhiva.org/publishedandapproved.aspx) and be aware that BHIVA clinical practice guidelines are periodically updated. For these current guidelines, new guidance on when to start and choice of ART has been developed for HIV-related cancers, HIV-associated NC impairment, CKD, CVD and women. The guidance only PI-1840 considers specific issues concerning the initiation and choice of ART in these patient populations. Guidance on the management of pregnancy in HIV-positive women has not been included. This guidance provides a brief summary of the key statements and recommendations regarding

prescribing ART in HIV-positive patients co-infected with TB. It is based on the BHIVA guidelines for the treatment of TB/HIV coinfection 2011 [1], which should be consulted for further information. The full version of the guidelines is available on the BHIVA website (http://www.bhiva.org/TB-HIV2011.aspx). Timing of initiation of ART during TB therapy: CD4 cell count (cells/μL) When to start HAART Grade <100 As soon as practical within 2 weeks after starting TB therapy 1B 100–350 As soon as practical, but can wait until after completing 2 months TB treatment, especially when there are difficulties with drug interactions, adherence and toxicities 1B >350 At physician’s discretion 1B Proportion of patients with TB and CD4 cell count <100 cells/μL started on ART within 2 weeks of starting TB therapy. Most patients with TB in the UK present with a low CD4 cell count, often <100 cells/μL. In such patients, ART improves survival, but can be complicated by IRD and drug toxicity.